Rise in HMPV Cases in China: What you need to know

Chinese health authorities are closely monitoring a rise in cases of human metapneumovirus (HMPV), a respiratory virus that can cause upper and lower respiratory infections. However, there is no evidence suggesting that this increase is unusual or that a new respiratory virus has emerged.

The World Health Organization (WHO) has confirmed that recent data from China indicates a rise in acute respiratory infections. Despite this, the overall scale and intensity of respiratory illnesses in China this year remain lower than in 2023.

HMPV in the U.S. and China: Current Status

In the United States, HMPV cases have been steadily increasing since November 2024. As of December 28, 2024, 1.94% of weekly tests were positive for HMPV, compared to 18.71% for influenza and 7.10% for COVID-19, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).

On Monday, the CDC stated it is monitoring the situation in China but emphasized that the reported rise in HMPV cases does not currently pose a concern for the U.S.

Expert Insights on HMPV and Respiratory Illnesses

Public health experts note that HMPV is a well-known virus that regularly circulates during the respiratory virus season.

“This is the winter respiratory virus season,” said Dr. William Schaffner, a preventive medicine expert at Vanderbilt University Medical Center. “Respiratory viruses such as influenza, COVID, RSV, and human metapneumovirus typically see an increase during this time due to close indoor contact and holiday gatherings.”

What is HMPV?

HMPV is a respiratory virus capable of causing mild to severe infections, including bronchitis and pneumonia, especially in young children, the elderly, and immunocompromised individuals.

How Does HMPV Spread?

HMPV spreads through:

Direct contact with respiratory droplets from an infected person.
Touching contaminated surfaces and then touching the face.
Close person-to-person contact, particularly indoors.

Treatment and Prevention

There is no specific antiviral treatment for HMPV. Management typically involves supportive care, such as:

Staying hydrated.
Using over-the-counter medications for symptom relief.
Resting adequately.

To reduce the spread, experts recommend frequent handwashing, avoiding close contact with sick individuals, and wearing masks in crowded indoor settings if necessary.

As health officials continue to monitor the situation, staying informed and practicing basic preventive measures remains key.